The Regulation (EU) 2024/1679, approved on 13 June 2024, represents a decisive step towards the development of a trans-European transport network (TEN-T) sustainable, resilient and technologically advanced. This ambitious plan aims to transform European mobility, making it more efficient and environmentally friendly, in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal.
Main objectives
The regulation aims to:
- Reach the climate neutrality by 2050, with a 55% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.
- Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport by 90%, contributing to the “zero pollution” goal.
- Create a multimodal and interoperable transport network, improving accessibility in all regions of the European Union.
The structure of the TEN-T network
The network will be built in three phases:
- Core Network (2030):
- It includes the main strategic connections for passenger and freight traffic, with the aim of reducing infrastructure bottlenecks and improving cross-border efficiency.
- Extended Core Network (2040):
- It aims to expand coverage and improve regional and interregional traffic, including European multimodal corridors.
- Global Network (2050):
- It ensures connections in peripheral, rural and ultraperipheral areas, promoting economic and social cohesion throughout the Union.
Rail: the heart of the TEN-T system
The regulation places strong emphasis on the development and improvement of rail infrastructure, considered the heart of sustainable European mobility. Key measures include:
- Increase in rail freight traffic: aim to double the share of rail freight transport by 2050, contributing to a significant reduction in emissions and road congestion.
- High-speed rail network: construction and modernization of railway lines designed for a minimum speed of 160 km/h for passengers and for greater competitiveness compared to short-haul flights.
- ERTMS system (European Rail Traffic Management System): Mandatory implementation by 2030 for the core network and 2050 for the global network. This system will ensure greater interoperability, safety, and reduced operating costs.
- Eliminating bottlenecks: Targeted interventions to eliminate infrastructure bottlenecks and strengthen strategic cross-border connections, improving the flow of goods and passengers.
- Multimodal connections: Integrating rail terminals with ports, airports, and inland waterways to promote more efficient and sustainable logistics.
Other priority issues
Waterways and maritime transport
- Strengthening port infrastructure and inland waterways, with a focus on low-impact solutions.
- Closer connections between seaports and the rail network to promote intermodal transport.
Road transport
- Creation of safe and modern rest areas along the main road corridors.
- Installing alternative fuel infrastructure, promoting the transition to electric and hydrogen vehicles.
Urban nodes and sustainable mobility
- Mandatory adoption of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) to reduce the environmental impact in urban centers.
- Promoting active mobility, with dedicated infrastructure for bicycles and pedestrians.
Innovation and digitalization
The regulation promotes the adoption of advanced technologies to improve the efficiency and sustainability of transport:
- Emerging Technologies: implementation of innovative solutions such as Hyperloop, logistics drones, and autonomous vehicles.
- Digitization: creation of interoperable systems for multimodal traffic management and electronic ticketing.
Geopolitical dimension
The current geopolitical context affects the TEN-T network:
- Integration with Ukraine and Moldova: strengthening connections to support their economies and facilitate their integration into the EU.
- Connections to Russia and Belarus suspended: review of infrastructure priorities in response to the geopolitical situation.
Implementation and monitoring
Member States shall ensure:
- Strategic planning in line with the objectives of the regulation.
- Socioeconomic and environmental assessments of projects, with priority given to cross-border connections.
- Effective allocation of financial resources, supported by dedicated European funds.
Conclusion
Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 represents the cornerstone of a momentous transformation in the European transport system. The centrality of rail, combined with multimodal integration and technological innovation, positions Europe as a global leader in sustainable mobility. Achieving this vision will not only revolutionize the way people and goods move, but will help build a greener, more inclusive, and prosperous future for the entire continent.